D.I. (de ionized) water is always best to use, if your going to use water. If you cant get D.I. water then distilled is always best to use on electronic equipment.
If you do the same process with 91%(or better) isopropyl alcohol, you might do ok. Anhydrous alcohol will remove residual moisture and wick it away. Many metallic oxides also dissolve in isopropyl alcohol (like rust), so that should help with any shorts.
If you had soaked the keyboard in D.I. water, nothing much should have happened. I am guessing that some mineral buildup or perhaps a short caused by some sort of oxide has occurred.
Cleaning a keyboard or electronics with D.I. water and alcohol isn't that odd. It’s a tried and true method for fixing electronics accidently soaked in liquids- like soda.
If you are so inclined, get 2 pans just big enough to fit the keyboard. Fill it with some DI water. Don't let it sit in the water, rather rock the keyboard back and forth. Then let it drip, dry off what water you can. Then repeat with the 91% or better alcohol. Use a squirt bottle to specifically hit the trouble keys. Get as much isopropanol off as you can and let it dry upside down.
This can remove the silicon based lubricant that is used on some apple keys. I don't know the specifics about your keyboard. Other wise, get a used keyboard at
iFixIt.com.
I don't recommended this as a regular way of cleaning equipment. I work with hundreds of volunteers and have to fix a lot of equipment that has had things spilled on it. It is generally used as a last ditch effort to resurrect equipment. It has never caused me problems... let me correct myself. I had a reel-to-reel recorder motor burst into flames after some bugs crawled into it. The motor control board overheated and smoked, and somebody decided to cover it with coffee. (Quick thinking that wasn't so bad.) The coffee and smoke combined to form a gunk on the board. The alcohol removed the protective covering on the board it's self, which was some sort of alcohol soluble varnish.
In short, soaking a keyboard in water or in the dishwasher (A previous thread on this site-what are you people thinking) is possible, but shouldn't be SOP. Things may happen.