Impossible to say on a global basis if third party apps use more battery.
Typically yes they all probably do, but depending on the type of app, and between the different apps in that category, the difference might only be a couple extra minutes of battery life.
apple apps are fine tuned to the hardware, the devs have access much lower down into software and hardware. Plus someone from maps can walk down the hall to the iOS team, and say "hey, if you give us this feature in the os, maps will use less power" (not actually that simple, but you get the point)
This also is very oversimplified, but apple only has iOS to focus on, while waze has iOS and android. Not to mention Apple has a couple extra dollars to throw at problems if they need to.
Waze is pulling traffic, and warnings, and making decisions about re-reouting. and it's probably watching a couple different routes at the same time.
for something like spotify, which isn't doing too much "thinking" and is just downloading and playing music, it should be close since they both function pretty much the same, just pull music from different servers.
also can depend on you audio quality setting, higher quality = more data = more power used by cell radio.
