Notes syncing originally worked through IMAP (Email folders). Not sure if that has changed recently.
Huh...so I guess that WOULD have kept syncing in the background since even prior to 7 email could sync in the background.
Well, at any rate, iCloud.com and Notes on iOS all sync fairly well, while Google's stuff has always seemed flakier to me. And while you can sync somehow or other with Gmail, I'm not sure where it's actually being stored, like I never actually see it anywhere on Google's services, and it doesn't seem to sync quickly or reliably, other than sometimes I suddenly have ancient notes pop up from Gmail on an iOS device lol