CoconutBattery used to run natively on iOS 9 and I still have it installed on an iPhone that runs that OS. See screenshot. It displays battery temperature.
While it isn't available any longer to run natively on iOS, I can tell you from 6 years of experience that a numerical display of the battery temperature isn't needed.
The best thermometer is your hand. When the phone starts feeling too hot to hold comfortably, it's running about 103°F which is getting up there.
So just use your temperature sensors in your hand & fingers to gauge how hot the iPhone is.
If it feels uncomfortably hot to hold - it needs to cool down.
Easy - and free
Old coconutBattery shown below:
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