Found this gem of a thread because I have a perfectly functioning 1st gen SE with a battery health capacity of 100%. The unexplained battery drain is still a problem. Updated to iOS 15.4, let the phone sit for 3 days after the update, updated all apps at the beginning of the 3 day wait, and made sure it was charged to 100% before testing.
Sure enough, with no background updates running, and all apps closed, phone was down to almost a 50% charge after 8 hours. This happened with the phone sitting on my desk and nothing more. It's a shame Apple, allowing this 1st gen SE to still get iOS updates, would let this happen.