Finally, this problem seems to be solved for me.
My battery life was around 3.5 - 4 hours of light use. Activity monitor estimations were always in the same way. I decided not to make important changes to the configuration because if Apple says battery should last 11 hours, I understand that I should get 11 hours using standard configuration.
What I did notice was the computer getting hot and fans running noisy during the first days. After some days, those behaviors became less frequent, so I thought the system was finishing all of those under-the-hood setup processes. Anyway, battery life was still in the 3.5 hour range.
Then I decided to start looking a way to solve my battery issue. After several software updates, uninstalls, computer restarts, and so, nothing really changed, and it was time to start playing with system resets.
After performing a SMC reset, things started looking different. At first, activity monitor estimated that the battery remaining would last 5 hours. A small improvement. But that number started to increase quickly to 6, 7, 8 hours... It finally stopped at 18 hours! Of course, something should be wrong, but since the largest number I had before was 4 hours, I thought there should be some kind of real improvement.
I made some light work on the Mac, and battery consumption kept congruent with those numbers.
After that I fully recharged my battery. I used it for 1.5 hours discharging 3% of the battery. The computer lost another 1% overnight, so it was 96% at the morning. After some work, it is now at 91%, and Activity Monitor says it will last for another 12:56.
I know I have to test it under more demanding work conditions, but at least it seems like I'm going to get those 11 hours finally.
This is the process I used to perform the reset. I hope it brings good news to others.
Reset the SMC of your Mac - Apple Support
The SMC is responsible for managing power on your Mac. Resetting it can resolve certain uncommon issues related to power or thermal management.support.apple.com
I'm sorry, but you used it for 1.5 hours and only lost 3%? I don't think that's correct. People often mistakenly inflate their actual usage. I'd reccommend downloading an app like BatteryLogger which stays in your taskbar and notes how long you actually use your laptop, or when it's in sleep mode, or off. Even if you do something light like watching a 1080p video on your MacBook Pro, an hour of that will lose you at least 5%, so 1.5 hours would be at least 7/8%