Ok, wow. This is almost certainly the future of computing for many of us.
I've installed an NVIDIA GTX 1080 inside an Asus XG Station Pro and performed some game benchmarks in Windows using Boot Camp.
My Mini is a 2018 i7 w/ 16GB of RAM and 512GB internal SSD, however I'm running the games off of a 1TB Samsung T5. I am using a PreSonus Quantum as my audio interface.
I had to install Windows 10 version 1803. Version 1809 (October 2018) would not install using the Boot Camp assistant. Once installed, I updated it to version 1809 because 1803 had some weird bug that was causing the Windows Audio service to use 50% CPU even when idle.
After Windows was setup, I plugged in the GPU and let Windows setup the drivers automatically. After rebooting, no picture on my USB-C->DP connection from the Mini. No picture when I connected the GPU via Display Port. I did a hard reboot and then the picture came right up on the GPU.
The eGPU enclosure is well engineered and nearly silent when at the desktop or putzing around on the web. When gaming, the whole setup is quieter than my gaming PC with this same card (and it has a blower). This is quite tolerable. Now we just need NVIDIA to get Mojave drivers out so I can use this setup in OSX!
Preliminary gaming benchmarks
All benchmarks are done @ 3440x1440 with graphics settings maxed out. The GTX1080 is not what I would consider a 3440x1440 class card, so these numbers are pretty impressive considering they are from an eGPU!
Doom (2016) - lowest I've seen so far is about 57FPS. It's regularly in the 70s-80s.
Rise of the Tomb Raider - 49.56FPS overall score in the built-in benchmark.