I believe I found a solution that works for me. It seems there are two issues causing the stuttering.
- Changes to the screen brightness caused by the automatic brightness control: it stutters when the brightness is being modified due to changing lights conditions in the room you are watching.
- When the brightness is generally set to a very low value.
When 1 and 2 come together (brightness control is adjusting brightness in low light environments) the issue gets worst.
So what I did is the following: I ensured that the brightness never gets below approx. 25% by adjusting it manually in an entirely dark room. The auto brightness control will remember this minimal level and never go below it anymore. Note that disabling and re-enabling auto brightness resets the setting to default so you have to manually adjust again.
See the attached screenshot: this is the minimum level I have to set in order to avoid the stuttering. Note that it would still stutter a bit when the brightness changes automatically, but even then it is much better now than it was before.
Of course you can also adjust as required whenever you want. Just make sure you set the brightness above the level depicted in the screenshot while watching 24p content.
This is definitely a bug that Apple could fix. If they want...